Which conductor presents cold flow problems when not properly connected?

Aluminum conductors are known to present cold flow problems, particularly when they are not properly connected. Cold flow refers to the gradual movement of a material under stress, which can lead to loosening of the connections over time. When aluminum is used as a conductor, it has a tendency to deform under pressure, especially at the connection points. This deformation can result in increased resistance at the connection, leading to overheating and the potential for failure.

Proper connection techniques are critical when working with aluminum conductors to mitigate cold flow issues. This includes using appropriate connectors designed for aluminum, ensuring proper torque is applied, and sometimes using anti-oxidant compounds to prevent corrosion. The unique physical properties of aluminum, compared to other materials like copper, steel, or carbon, make it more susceptible to these kinds of problems if not handled correctly.